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BOOKS
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FILMS & DOCUMENTARIES
BBC Four: Masters of the Pacific Coast
W̱SÁNEĆ Clam Garden Restoration Project by Tiffany Joseph
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VIDEOS
The Moment Western Science Awakened to the Presence of Clam Gardens (1:11mins)
A Wall Worth Building: Making clam habitat great again. Hakai Magazine (3:56 mins)
Ancient Clam Gardens: Notes from the field (2:04 mins)
Swinomish Community Visits a Clam Garden
Clam Gardens in the Pacific Northwest
(with Dr. Marco Hatch, WWU great overview video especially for biology, environmental science classes, 7mins)
Clam Garden Restoration in Gulf Island National Park Reserve
(shows night time clam digging)
Clam Gardens: Learning Together. Gulf Islands National Park Reserve (3:26 mins)
Restoring a Coast Salish Clam Garden. Gulf Islands National Park Reserve
Clam Gardens: Filling in the Gaps (Hakai Institute)
BC researchers discover 3,500-year-old clam garden (Global News)
Découverte: Radio-Canada (33:12 minute mark; in French)
Clam garden connects aboriginal youth with history (CTV News) (2:15 mins)
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AUDIO
CBC: Quirks and Quarks March 12, 2019: Clam gardens have been cultivated by Indigenous people for millennia
CBC: All Points West: Gulf Islands seeing return of traditional First Nations clam gardens
CBC: Quirks and Quarks: Aboriginal Gardens Make Happy Clams
CBC:NxNW: The Clam Garden Network, 1 Feb, 2015
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LESSON PLANS & TEACHERS GUIDES
First Nations Education Steering Committee (FNESC)
Science First Peoples: Teacher Resource Guide: Grades 5-9
Unit 1 Traditional Ecological Knowledge
First Nations Education Steering Committee (FNESC)
Science First Peoples: Teacher Resource Guide: Secondary (online)
Unit 4 Shaping the Land (page 115)
Section 4-3 Clam Gardens; Shaping the Intertidal
Ocean Networks Canada
Contact: learning@oceannetworks.ca
Presentation: Loxiwé (Clam Gardens)
Grades K-12
Website: coming soon
Junior Sea Doc Program and Lesson Plan
If You Want to Visit a Sea Garden Teachers Guide
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PRESENTATIONS
Recorded:
Dr. Dana Lepofsky on The Clam Garden Network: Exploring the social-ecological contexts
UBC Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, Sept.15, 2020
In Class and Virtual: Archaeology in Schools
Contact: Nicole Smith
Presentations: Clam Gardens; Archaeology Stream to Sea
Virtual or In-person Presentations for Grades K-12
Website: https://nicolefsmith.com/archaeology-in-schools/
Ocean Networks Canada
Contact: learning@oceannetworks.ca
Presentation: Loxiwé (Clam Gardens)
Grades K-12
Website: coming soon
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PRINT MEDIA
W̱SÁNEĆ Clam Garden Restoration Project
The Vancouver Sun: Clam Gardens Reveal Ancient Secret. March 16, 2016
New Scientist: Prehistoric fisheries offer clues to sustainable catch. New Scientist, 15:53 23 March 2012 by Jude Isabella
Archaeology Magazine: The Edible Seascape. Archaeology Magazine, Volume 64 Number 5, September/October 2011 by Jude Isabella
Hakai: Clam Gardens are Cultivating a New Look at Ancient Land Use
Hakai: The Great Walls of Quadra
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ARTICLES & PUBLICATIONS
Augustine, S. and P. Dearden, 2014. Changing paradigms in marine and coastal conservation: A case study of clam gardens in the Southern Gulf Islands, Canada. The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe Canadien, 58: 305–314.
Deur, D., Adam Dick, K. Recalma-Clutesi, NJ Turner. 2015. Kwakwaka’waka “Clam Gardens” Motive and Agency in Traditional Northwest Coast Mariculture. Human Ecology 43(2):201-212.
Donatuto, J., L. Campbell, and W. Trousdale, W. 2020. The “value” of values-driven data in identifying Indigenous health and climate change priorities. Climatic Change 158: 161– 180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02596-2
Groesbeck, A.S., K. Rowell, D. Lepofsky, A.K. Salomon. 2014. Ancient clam gardens increased shellfish production: Adaptive strategies from the past can inform food security today. PlosOne 9(3).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091235
Holmes, K., Cox, K., Cline, A.R., Hatch, M.B.A., Black, M.J., Salomon, A.K., Lepofsky, D., Smith, N.F. and Dudas, S, 2020. Ancient Ecology: The Quadra Island Clam Gardens. Fisheries, 45: 151-156.
Jackley, J., L. Gardner, A. Djunaedi, A.K. Salomon. 2016 Ancient clam gardens, traditional management portfolios, and the resilience of coupled human-ocean systems. Ecology and Society 21(4): 20
https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08747-210420
Lepofsky, D., N.F. Smith, N. Cardinal, J. Harper, M. Morris, Gitla (Elroy White), R. Bouchard, D.I. D. Kennedy, A.K. Salomon, M.Puckett, K. Rowell and E. McLay 2015. Ancient shellfish mariculture on the Northwest Coast of North America. American Antiquity, 80(2): 236-259
DOI: 10.7183/0002-7316.80.2.236
Lepofsky, D., G. Toniello, J. Earnshaw, C. Roberts, L. Wilson, K. Rowell, and K. Holmes. 2020. Ancient anthropogenic clam gardens of the Northwest Coast expand clam habitat. Ecosystems. Published on-line May 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00515-6
Moss, M.L. 1993. Shellfish, gender, and status on the Northwest Coast: reconciling archaeological, ethnographic, and ethnohistorical records of the Tlingit. American Anthropologist 95:631-652.
Moss, M.L. and H.P. Wellman. 2017. The Magoun clam garden near Sitka, Alaska: niche construction theory meets traditional ecological knowledge, but what about the risks of shellfish toxicity? Alaska Journal of Anthropology 15: 7-24.
Neudorf CM, Smith N.F., Lepofsky D, Toniello G, Lian OB, 2017. Between a rock and a soft place: Using optical ages to date ancient clam gardens on the Pacific Northwest. PLoS ONE 12 (2): e0171775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171775
Olsen, J. 2019. 2014-2020 W̱SÁNEĆ Clam garden restoration project final report. Caring for and Kexals – digging clams in the W̱SÁNEĆ territory. Prepared for the Gulf Island National Park Reserve and Parks Canada.
Pinkerton, E. and J.J. Silver. 2011. Cadastralizing or coordinating the clam commons? Can competing community and government visions of wild and farmed fisheries be reconciled? Marine Policy 35:63-72.
DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2010.08.002
Salter, N. 2018. Ancient clam gardens magnify bivalve production by moderating temperature and enhancing sediment carbonate. MRM thesis, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University.
Silver, J.J. 2014. From fishing to farming: Shellfish aquaculture expansion and the complexities of ocean space on Canada’s west coast. Applied Geography 54: 110-117
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.07.013
Silver, J.J. 2014. Shellfish and coastal change: Pacific oysters and Manila clams in BC waters. BC Studies 181.
Silver, J.J. 2013. Neoliberalizing coastal space and subjects: On shellfish aquaculture projections, interventions and outcomes in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Rural Studies 32: 430-438
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.10.003
Smith N.F., Lepofsky D, Toniello G, Holmes K, Wilson L, Neudorf C, Roberts C. 2019. 3500 years of shellfish mariculture on the Northwest Coast of North America. PLoS ONE 14(2): e0211194. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211194.
Stern, B. 1934. The Lummi Indians of Northwest Washington. Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, 17. New York.
Toniello, G., D. Lepofsky, G. Lertzman-Lepofsky, A. Salomon, and K. Rowell 2019. 11,500 years of human-clam relationships provide long-term context for intertidal management in the Salish Sea, Canada. PNAS. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905921116